Before 13 weeks, testing maternal blood serum can check protein level {pregnancy-associated plasma protein A} (PAPP-A). Testing includes checking human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
At 10 to 13 weeks, testing placenta {chorionic villus} can check trisomies and other chromosome defects {chorionic villus sampling}.
At 11 to 13 weeks, ultrasound testing {nuchal scan} {nuchal translucency test} can check fluid behind neck {nuchal fold} {nuchal translucency}. Trisomies tend to make high fluid. After 13 weeks, lymphatic system drains fluid.
At 15 to 20 weeks, testing maternal blood serum can check alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and unconjugated estriol (uE3) {maternal triple screening test}. For elevated protein levels, other tests can check trisomies and other chromosome defects.
At 15 to 20 weeks, testing maternal blood serum can check alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and inhibin A hormone {maternal quadruple screening test}. For elevated protein levels, other tests can check trisomies and other chromosome defects.
At 16 to 20 weeks, inserting a needle through abdomen into amniotic sac can withdraw 20 ml to test fetal cells for trisomies and other chromosome defects {amniocentesis}.
At 17 to 20 weeks, testing umbilical cord blood can check trisomies and other chromosome defects {percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling} {cordocentesis}.
4-Medicine-Medical Examination-Tests
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Date Modified: 2022.0225